This formal mode of CSO with its prescribed structures is very different from the informal mode that Cambodians are used to. Most of the two thousand registered CSOs are still weak, Padek included. They are weak in mobilising the mass to be engaged in national policy formulation. They are not yet competent in demonstrating micro-macro linkage in modern, complex, globalised economy. They are not in tune with international instruments for poverty reduction advocacy. They are not familiar with the roles of multinational organisations and transnational corporations. They are not competent in gathering and analysing information for influencing policy. Nevertheless, it is largely agreed that the formal mode of CSO is a more effective mode in sustaining advocacy strategy and development activities. However, for Padek, the informal mode of CSO is not something to be ignored totally. Padek embarked on the work of community development and introduced the concept of Village Development Committee (VDC) in 1993, to create conditions for people to work together for the development of their community. Since then Padek put a lot of effort to sensitise all stakeholders including the RGC who replicated the concept of VDC and in 1996 adopted a sub-degree recognising the VDC as a civil engine for development. To date, the Provincial Department of Rural Development (PDRD) established VDCs in all accessible villages throughout Cambodia. The capacity of those VDCs, however, is uneven. In areas where NGOs are working, they are more capable as more investment is made to build their capacity in leadership, project management, proposal writing, etc. Employing the PICDM, in recent years, Padek expanded its effort into new arenas by establishing and strengthening Commune Community-Based Organisations (CCBOs). It is a pioneering effort that Padek assists these CCBOs to become full-fledged CSOs with legal recognition (from the Ministry of Interior) as they mobilise wider constituents and are trusted with important development mandates. As political space fluctuates from time to time, as it happens in any young democracy, the challenges of creating a cohesive society able to live and work together in peace for the good of all remain an important task if Cambodia is to evolve into a truly liberal democratic society with vibrant CSOs that can dialogue with the RGC for changes in policies and practices.